peroxidebased

Peroxide-based refers to compounds that contain the peroxide functional group, characterized by an O−O single bond. This group can appear in both organic and inorganic contexts. Organic peroxides include dialkyl peroxides such as di-tert-butyl peroxide, and hydroperoxides such as tert-butyl hydroperoxide, as well as peroxyacids; inorganic examples include hydrogen peroxide and various alkali or alkaline earth metal peroxides. Peroxide-based compounds are typically strong oxidizers and can generate radicals under thermal or catalytic conditions, driving chemical reactions.

Classification and examples vary by composition. Organic peroxides are often used as radical initiators in polymerization and as curing agents for resins. Inorganic peroxides like hydrogen peroxide are widely used as bleaching agents, disinfectants, and oxidizers in industrial and household contexts. Peroxide-based systems also appear in environmental applications, such as advanced oxidation processes, and in sterilization and decontamination protocols because of their broad antimicrobial activity.

Applications and impact: In polymer chemistry, peroxide initiators generate free radicals to start or regulate the polymerization of vinyl monomers, enabling controlled curing and material properties. In bleaching and cleaning, hydrogen peroxide and related peroxides oxidize stains and contaminants in textiles, paper, cosmetics, and consumer products. Peroxide-based oxidants are used in wastewater treatment, soil and groundwater remediation, and sterilization due to their effectiveness under mild conditions and their relatively clean decomposition products.

Safety and handling: many peroxide compounds are sensitive to heat, friction, or contamination with metals or organics. They may decompose explosively if improperly stored or concentrated, requiring cool, dry storage away from reducing agents and organic materials, in compatible containers, often with stabilizers. Handling guidelines emphasize protective equipment and adequate ventilation.

See also: peroxides, hydroperoxides, organic peroxides, hydrogen peroxide, peracids, radical polymerization, advanced oxidation processes.