hydroperoxides

Hydroperoxides are a class of chemical compounds that contain the hydroperoxy functional group, −OOH. They are typically written with the general formula ROOH, where R is an alkyl or aryl group. Organic hydroperoxides (R-OOH) are distinguished from hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which is the simplest member of the family and is often treated separately due to its broad use and distinct properties.

The hydroperoxy group is relatively reactive, and many hydroperoxides are thermally or shock sensitive. They act as oxidants and often as radical initiators in chemical processes. In organic synthesis and materials chemistry, hydroperoxides can transfer oxygen, initiate radical polymerizations, or undergo rearrangements and decompositions that yield alcohols, ketones, alkenes, or other fragments via radical pathways. Common examples include tert-butyl hydroperoxide and cumene hydroperoxide. Hydrogen peroxide is widely used as an oxidant and antimicrobial agent, and concentrated solutions require careful handling.

Preparation and occurrence: Organic hydroperoxides form mainly by autoxidation of hydrocarbons or by hydroperoxidation of alkenes. They are important as intermediates in industrial oxidation processes and as feedstocks for further transformations in organic synthesis. Some hydroperoxides are isolated and stored, but many are generated in situ for immediate use in reactions.

Safety and handling: Hydroperoxides are often unstable and can decompose exothermically, with a risk of explosion if contaminated with metals or impurities. They are stored at controlled temperatures and away from heat, friction, and incompatible materials.