peroksydami

Peroksydami is a term used to denote peroxides, a broad class of chemical compounds that contain the peroxide functional group, characterized by an O–O single bond. Peroxides can be inorganic or organic and are generally strong oxidizing agents. The term may appear in scientific literature or language variants where a plural form is required.

Inorganic peroxides include hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), sodium peroxide (Na2O2), and calcium peroxide (CaO2). These compounds release oxygen or reactive species upon decomposition or reaction, making them useful as bleaching agents, disinfectants, or oxygen sources in processes such as mining, wastewater treatment, concrete curing, and agriculture. They are typically solids or concentrated solutions that can be reactive with organic materials and may be unstable at elevated temperature or in the presence of heat or shock.

Organic peroxides consist of hydroperoxide or peroxide linkages in carbon-based molecules, such as dialkyl peroxides (R–O–O–R') and diacyl peroxides (R–CO–O–O–CO–R'). They act as radical initiators in polymerization, curing agents for plastics, or blowing agents in foam production. Organic peroxides can be highly sensitive to heat, friction, or impact, and are therefore subject to strict handling, storage, and regulatory controls.

Production and handling: Inorganic peroxides are produced by controlled oxidation of oxides or by reactions that introduce the peroxide anion; hydrogen peroxide is industrially produced via the anthraquinone process. Organic peroxides are prepared from hydroperoxides or peracids. Safety and regulation: Peroxides are strong oxidizers with fire and explosion hazards. They require proper storage away from heat and reducing agents, use of stabilizers or inhibitors, and segregation from incompatible materials.