periodës

Periods, also known as menstrual cycles, are the regular changes in the female reproductive system that occur as a result of hormonal fluctuations. They typically begin around the age of 12 or 13 and continue until menopause, which usually occurs between the ages of 45 and 55. The average menstrual cycle lasts about 28 days, but this can vary from person to person.

The menstrual cycle is divided into four main phases: menstruation, the follicular phase, ovulation, and the luteal phase. Menstruation, or the menstrual flow, occurs when the lining of the uterus (endometrium) sheds. This phase usually lasts about 3 to 7 days. The follicular phase begins with the start of menstruation and ends with ovulation. During this phase, the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates the growth of follicles in the ovaries, and estrogen levels rise. Ovulation occurs mid-cycle, when a mature egg is released from the ovary. The luteal phase begins after ovulation and ends with menstruation. During this phase, the corpus luteum produces progesterone, which prepares the uterus for a potential pregnancy.

Menstrual cycles can be influenced by various factors, including age, stress, hormonal imbalances, and certain medications. Irregular periods, known as dysmenorrhea, can be caused by conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), thyroid disorders, or uterine fibroids. Regular exercise, a balanced diet, and stress management techniques can help regulate menstrual cycles. If you experience heavy bleeding, prolonged periods, or other unusual symptoms, it is important to consult a healthcare provider.