pawpad

A pawpad is the thick, padded, hairless surface on the underside of an animal's paw. In mammals such as dogs and cats, each paw contains multiple digital pads aligned with the toes, plus a larger central metacarpal or metatarsal pad on the palm or sole. In dogs there is also a carpal pad higher up on the leg that aids stability when the animal is braking.

Anatomy: Paw pads consist of tough, keratinized epidermis overlying fibrous connective tissue and fat, which provides cushioning and shock absorption. The surface is typically textured and contains sweat and sebaceous glands, helping to maintain grip and flexibility. The pads are richly innervated and sensitive to heat, cold, rough terrain, and chemical exposures.

Function and variation: Pads protect bones and joints from impact, aid in traction, and help regulate temperature to some extent through sweating in the pads. The arrangement and size of pads vary by species, breed, and foot structure; dewclaws or vestigial digits may be present but do not contact the ground in many cases. Carpal pads, on the inner wrist of the front leg, assist with braking on rough terrain.

Care and health: Pad health can be affected by environmental conditions, excessive dryness, cracks, burns from hot pavement, or chemical burns from de-icers and cleaners. Regular inspection, nail trimming, and avoiding prolonged exposure to harsh surfaces help maintain pad integrity. If a pad is injured, torn, or shows persistent redness, swelling, or discharge, veterinary attention is advised. Treatments may include cleaning, topical antiseptics safe for animals, bandaging, and, in severe cases, wound care or antibiotics.