patologicznym

Patologicznym is the instrumental singular form of the Polish adjective patologiczny, meaning pathological. In medical language, patologiczny describes processes, conditions, and findings related to pathology and disease. In figurative use, the term can denote abnormal, deviant, or morbid characteristics, as in phrases describing behavior or phenomena.

Etymology and meaning: The adjective patologiczny derives from patologia, or pathology, which itself comes from Greek pathologia, from pathos “suffering” and -logia “study of.” The form patologicznym reflects Polish inflection rules for adjectives and is encountered in contexts requiring the instrumental (or, after certain prepositions, locative) case.

Grammar and usage notes: Patologicznym is most commonly seen as the instrumental singular form, used with masculine or neuter nouns (for example after a preposition in phrases like “w patologicznym stanie,” meaning “in a pathological state”). The feminine instrumental form is patologiczną, and the feminine locative form is patologic zną?—the standard feminine forms are patologiczną and patologic znej, depending on the case. In neutral prose, the base adjective patologiczny appears in other gender and case forms as needed. In many contexts, particularly medical writing, the term remains technical and neutral; in everyday language, it can carry a stronger connotation of abnormality or deviance when paired with behavior, such as zachowanie patologiczne.

Examples of usage: Pacjent został przyjęty do szpitala w patologicznym stanie. Zjawiska patologiczne mogą występować w tkankach. Patologiczne zachowanie to termin used to describe abnormal or harmful conduct.