passiveindefinite

Passiveindefinite is a term used in some linguistic descriptions to refer to a class of passive constructions in which the agent performing the action is not specified, unknown, or indefinite. In these clauses the semantic focus is on the patient or theme rather than on an identifiable agent, and the agent is either omitted or expressed by an indefinite expression such as someone, people, or one. The label is not universally standardized, and some grammars would simply analyze such sentences as ordinary passives with an unspecified agent or as impersonal passives; others treat passiveindefinite as a distinct subtype due to particular distribution or semantics.

In terms of realization, passiveindefinite can be realized through morphology (a passive affix or periphrastic construction) or through syntax with a copula or auxiliary plus past participle, depending on the language. The key characteristic is that no explicit, definite agent is introduced in the clause. This makes the sentence general, non-agentive, or generalized.

Semantically, passiveindefinite emphasizes the patient or event rather than the doer. This is often used in generalizations, news reporting, or situations where the agent is unknown, irrelevant, or undesirable to mention. It can also function to defer responsibility.

Relationship to other concepts: passiveindefinite overlaps with impersonal and agentless passives in many languages. It is distinct from transitive actives with indefinite subjects; it reflects a discourse strategy whereby agent information is suppressed.

See also: passive voice, impersonal passive, agentless passive, indefiniteness.