parfüümides

Parfüümides is Estonian for in perfumes. It is the inessive plural form of the noun parfüüm (perfume) and is used to indicate location inside multiple perfumes, for example in discussions about fragrance composition or analysis. The form contrasts with parfüümide, the genitive plural meaning “of perfumes,” and parfüümid, the nominative plural meaning “perfumes.”

In linguistic terms, parfüümides demonstrates how Estonian marks spatial location in the plural, showing how a single root noun can take different case endings to convey meaning within a sentence. In everyday language, parfüümides appears in descriptions of where certain ingredients or fragrances are found, such as “parfüümides võivad esineda sünteetilised ja looduslikud lõhnaained” (in perfumes there may be synthetic and natural fragrance substances). The word is most often encountered in linguistic, chemical, or cosmetic contexts rather than in ordinary conversation.

Etymology and related forms: parfüüm is borrowed from German Parfüm, via other European languages, and has standard inflected forms in Estonian: parfüüm (singular), parfüümid (nominative plural), parfüümide (genitive plural), and parfüümides (inessive plural). The system of cases in Estonian allows speakers to express precise relationships between nouns and other sentence elements without prepositions.

Context and regulation: Discussion of parfüümides often intersects with considerations of cosmetic ingredients, safety, and regulation. In the European Union, perfumes are subject to cosmetics regulation, with labeling and ingredient disclosure typically using INCI names.

See also: Estonian grammar, cosmetics regulation.