parfumeren

Parfumeren refers to the craft and practice of creating and applying fragrances to products and environments. It covers both the art of composing scents and the industrial production of scented products. A perfumer, or parfumeur, designs fragrance compositions using natural materials such as essential oils, resins, absolutes, and a range of synthetic aroma chemicals. Compositions are built in layers of top, middle, and base notes to achieve balance and evolution over time.

Historically, perfumery emerged in ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt, flourished in the Islamic world, and reached its modern center in Grasse, France. The development of synthetic odorants in the 19th and 20th centuries broadened the palette and reduced costs.

In practice, parfumeren is applied to cosmetics (perfumed creams, perfumes), personal care products, household items, and textiles. Products are often labeled by fragrance concentration (parfum or extrait, eau de parfum, eau de toilette, eau de cologne) affecting scent strength and longevity.

Regulation and safety are important; many regions regulate fragrance ingredients and require disclosure of allergenic substances. Companies balance artistry with compliance and consumer safety. The field comprises houses and independent perfumers who source ingredients, test formulations, and develop scent branding.