paraaminophenol

Para-aminophenol, also known as p-aminophenol or 4-aminophenol, is an organic compound with the formula C6H7NO. It comprises a phenol group with an amino substituent at the para position relative to the hydroxyl. It is a white to pale-yellow crystalline solid that is soluble in water and in many organic solvents.

Production: In industry, para-aminophenol is typically prepared by catalytic reduction of p-nitrophenol, which is itself derived from nitration of phenol. Alternative routes include reduction of o-nitro and other methods. The major purpose of its synthesis is to supply precursors for paracetamol manufacture.

Applications: The principal use of para-aminophenol is as an intermediate for the synthesis of acetaminophen (paracetamol) via acetylation of the amino group. It is also used to manufacture dyes, pigment precursors, and certain pharmaceutical compounds. It serves as a building block in azo dye chemistry and in hair dye formulations.

Chemical properties: It contains both an amino group and a phenolic hydroxyl, enabling reactions such as acylation, oxidation, and electrophilic substitution. It can form salts with acids and is reactive under oxidizing conditions.

Safety: Para-aminophenol is hazardous if inhaled, ingested, or absorbed through the skin. It can cause skin and eye irritation and methemoglobinemia in high exposures. It is subject to regulation in many jurisdictions and should be handled with appropriate PPE and waste controls; chronic exposure risk to aquatic life.