papierbogen

A papierbogen (German for "sheet of paper") is a single, flat piece of paper produced by cutting larger reels or sheets from a papermaking process. Sheets vary in size, weight and surface properties to suit different uses; common office sizes follow the ISO 216 system (for example A4 is 210 × 297 mm), while specialty and regional formats also exist. Paper weight is typically expressed in grams per square meter (gsm), and thickness (caliper) is measured in micrometers. Both weight and finish influence handling, opacity and print performance.

Sheets are made from cellulose fibers derived from wood, recycled paper or alternative fibers. Pulping methods (chemical or mechanical), bleaching, sizing and surface treatments determine strength, whiteness and absorbency. Modern production uses continuous machines (e.g., Fourdrinier) to form, press and dry a web that is then calendered and cut into sheets or wound into rolls. Grain direction, set by the fiber orientation during forming, affects folding and dimensional stability.

Papierbogen are used across communication, packaging, art and industrial applications: printing, writing, drawing, folding (origami), envelopes and product supports. Standard packaging units include reams (commonly 500 sheets). Environmental considerations include forestry management, recycled content, production energy and chemical use; certifications such as FSC and PEFC indicate chain-of-custody and responsible sourcing, while recycling systems reduce landfill disposal. The sheet as a format has evolved from ancient writing supports to an industrial commodity central to modern information exchange and material use.