paneelmajades
Paneelmajades, or panel houses, are multi-storey residential buildings constructed from prefabricated concrete panels. Invented in the mid-20th century, they were widely used in the Soviet Union and other socialist countries to provide rapid, affordable housing. In Estonia they became a dominant form of mass housing from the 1960s to the 1980s. The most common construction approach used precast concrete walls and floor slabs assembled on site, with exterior cladding of plaster or brick and later retrofits for insulation and energy efficiency.
Interiors featured standardized apartment layouts with limited variation; many blocks have 9 to 12 stories, though
In Estonia, districts such as Lasnamäe (Tallinn) and Mustamäe were developed largely with paneelmajades, shaping the
Since the 1990s, many paneelmajades have undergone renovations, including improved insulation, windows replacement, and facade renovations,