pandal

A pandal is a temporary decorative structure used for religious, cultural, or social events in parts of South Asia. It typically takes the form of a canopy or pavilion built on a bamboo framework and covered with cloth, tarpaulin, or other materials. Pandals are often elaborately decorated with lights, fabrics, artwork, and symbolic motifs, and they may house an altar, shrine, or stage for performances.

Construction and design vary by region and occasion but share a common goal of creating a temporary, inviting space. Pandals are usually erected for a brief period, ranging from several days to a few weeks, and are often organized by community groups, temples, or cultural associations. Inside, the space may feature a central idol, religious iconography, or a performance area for ritual dances and plays. Fire safety, structural integrity, and permits are common regulatory considerations in urban settings.

Cultural significance is strongest during major festivals. In West Bengal and Bangladesh, pandals are a hallmark of the Durga Puja festival, where every year a new theme and design are presented, drawing visitors and media attention. Pandals are also used for weddings, religious observances, fairs, and public gatherings, serving as versatile, affordable venues that can be tailored to local traditions and contemporary aesthetics.

Etymology and spread: the word pandal derives from Marathi and Hindi terms for a large tent or hall, and the concept is used across India, Bangladesh, and Nepal. The tradition emphasizes community involvement, artistic expression, and hospitality within a temporary but memorable space.