püretriinid

Püretriinid are natural insecticides found in the flowers of certain Chrysanthemum species, particularly those of the Pyrethrum genus. These compounds are esters of chrysanthemic acid or pyrethric acid with an alcohol moiety, such as pyrethrolone or cinerolone. The primary sources for commercial pyrethrin extraction are Tanacetum cinerariifolium and Tanacetum coccineum. Püretriinid are known for their rapid knockdown effect on insects and relatively low toxicity to mammals and birds, although they can be highly toxic to fish and other aquatic organisms.

The insecticidal action of püretriinid is primarily neurotoxic. They interfere with the normal functioning of insect nerve cells by prolonging the opening of sodium channels, leading to paralysis and eventual death. This mechanism is different from that of many synthetic insecticides, contributing to their value in integrated pest management programs. Püretriinid degrade rapidly when exposed to sunlight and air, which limits their residual activity outdoors. This biodegradability is a key environmental advantage, as it reduces persistence in the environment.

Due to their efficacy and favorable safety profile for non-target organisms, püretriinid are widely used in a variety of applications, including household insect sprays, agricultural pest control, and in products for controlling ectoparasites on pets and livestock. They are often formulated with synergists, such as piperonyl butoxide (PBO), which inhibit the metabolic enzymes that insects use to detoxify püretriinid, thereby increasing their potency and effectiveness.