ovariectomyovariectomy

Ovariectomy is a surgical procedure to remove one or both ovaries. When both ovaries are removed, the procedure is called a bilateral ovariectomy. When only one ovary is removed, it is called a unilateral ovariectomy. This procedure can be performed on both female humans and animals.

In humans, ovariectomy is typically performed as part of a larger surgery, such as a hysterectomy (removal of the uterus) or to treat ovarian cysts, ovarian cancer, or endometriosis. It is also sometimes performed prophylactically in individuals with a high genetic risk of ovarian cancer. Removal of both ovaries leads to surgical menopause, as the ovaries are the primary producers of estrogen and progesterone. This necessitates hormone replacement therapy for many individuals to manage menopausal symptoms and reduce the risk of osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease.

In veterinary medicine, ovariectomy, commonly referred to as spaying in female dogs and cats, is a routine procedure. It is performed for several reasons, including preventing reproduction, reducing the risk of mammary tumors and uterine infections (pyometra), and managing behavioral issues. The timing of the surgery can influence its benefits and potential side effects. For example, spaying before the first heat cycle significantly reduces the risk of mammary tumors in dogs.