ortognatici

Orthognathic surgery is a specialized branch of oral and maxillofacial surgery focused on correcting structural abnormalities of the jaw, teeth, and face. The term "orthognathic" derives from Greek roots meaning "straight" (*ortho-*) and "jaw" (*gnathos*), reflecting its goal of achieving proper alignment and function. This procedure is typically performed to address skeletal discrepancies that cannot be corrected with orthodontic treatment alone, such as severe overbites, underbites, open bites, or crossbites. It may also improve breathing, speech, chewing, and facial aesthetics, particularly in cases where jaw misalignment contributes to functional or cosmetic concerns.

Candidates for orthognathic surgery often undergo a comprehensive evaluation, including dental records, X-rays, and a consultation with an orthodontist and oral surgeon. The process typically involves multiple stages: initial orthodontic treatment to align teeth, surgical correction of the jaw bones, and postoperative orthodontic refinement. Common techniques include osteotomies—controlled cuts and repositioning of the maxilla (upper jaw) or mandible (lower jaw)—following by fixation with plates, screws, or other stabilization devices. Recovery varies but generally requires several weeks of restricted diet and limited physical activity, with full healing taking months.

While orthognathic surgery offers significant benefits, it carries risks such as infection, nerve damage, or relapse of misalignment. Patients should carefully weigh the potential outcomes against these considerations. The procedure is often covered by dental insurance if deemed medically necessary, though coverage varies. Advances in technology, such as 3D imaging and computer-assisted planning, have enhanced precision and improved patient outcomes in modern orthognathic surgery.