optoizolátor

An optoisolator, also known as an optical isolator or optocoupler, is an electronic component that transfers electrical signals between two isolated circuits using light. It typically consists of a light-emitting diode (LED) and a photosensitive semiconductor device, such as a phototransistor, photodiode, or photoresistor, enclosed in a single package. The LED emits light when an electrical current passes through it, and this light is detected by the photosensitive device. The output circuit is then activated or controlled by the signal generated by the photosensitive device.

The primary function of an optoisolator is to provide electrical isolation between the input and output circuits. This isolation is crucial for protecting sensitive components from high voltages, transients, or electrical noise present in the input circuit. By using light as the transmission medium, there is no direct electrical connection between the two sides, preventing the flow of current and thus preventing damage. Optoisolators are commonly used in power supplies, motor control circuits, medical equipment, and automotive electronics where safety and signal integrity are paramount.

The characteristics of an optoisolator are defined by parameters such as the current transfer ratio (CTR), which is the ratio of output current to input current, and the isolation voltage, which is the maximum voltage that can be applied between the input and output without causing breakdown. Different types of optoisolators offer varying speed, sensitivity, and power handling capabilities, allowing them to be selected for specific applications.