oogirritant

An oogirritant, or eye irritant, is any substance or agent that causes irritation of the ocular surface, including the conjunctiva and corneal epithelium. Irritants differ from allergens in that they typically provoke irritation without prior sensitization, often producing rapid symptoms after exposure. They can be chemical, physical, mechanical, or biological in nature.

Chemical irritants include acids, bases, solvents, detergents, ammonia, chlorine, and other cleaning agents. Mechanical irritants include dust, smoke, and fine particles that abrade the surface. Biological irritants encompass irritant components in pollen, smoke, or other environmental contaminants; while allergens such as pollen or pet dander can cause conjunctival inflammation, their mechanism is distinct from nonimmune irritants. Physical irritants like wind, UV light, or radiant heat can also provoke ocular irritation.

Common symptoms of an oogirritant exposure are redness, tearing, burning or stinging sensations, a gritty or foreign-body feeling, light sensitivity, and temporary blurred vision. Most irritant exposures are mild and self-limited, but significant chemical irritants or prolonged exposure can cause corneal injury or chemical burns requiring medical evaluation.

First aid for suspected oogirritant exposure includes immediate, thorough irrigation of the eye with clean water or saline for at least 15 minutes, while avoiding rubbing the eye. Remove contact lenses if present, and seek medical care if pain persists, vision changes occur, there is heavy exposure, or symptoms do not improve after irrigation. Prevention focuses on protective eyewear, proper handling and storage of chemicals, and adequate ventilation in work or home environments. See also eye irritation and chemical burns of the eye.