oligopóliumok

Oligopóliumok are a market structure characterized by a small number of large firms that dominate a particular industry. These firms are interdependent, meaning that the actions of one firm significantly impact the others. This interdependence can lead to complex strategic behavior, as each firm must consider the potential reactions of its competitors when making decisions about pricing, production, or advertising.

Key features of an oligopoly include high barriers to entry, which make it difficult for new companies to enter the market. These barriers can be due to economies of scale, strong brand loyalty, or control over essential resources. Products in an oligopoly can be either differentiated or standardized. For example, the automobile industry is an oligopoly with differentiated products, while the steel industry is an example with more standardized products.

Competition in an oligopoly can take various forms. Firms may engage in price wars, but often they avoid direct price competition due to the risk of mutual destruction. Instead, competition might focus on non-price factors such as product innovation, advertising, and service quality. Collusion, where firms agree to limit competition (e.g., setting prices), is illegal in many countries but can still occur implicitly or explicitly. The behavior of firms in an oligopoly is often analyzed using game theory, which helps to model their strategic interactions. Examples of industries often considered oligopolies include telecommunications, airlines, and soft drinks.