ofnæring

Ofnæring, also known as malnutrition, refers to a condition arising from an imbalance between the nutrients a person consumes and the nutrients their body needs. This imbalance can manifest in two primary forms: undernutrition and overnutrition. Undernutrition occurs when a person does not consume enough calories, protein, or other essential nutrients, leading to deficiencies. This can result in conditions such as wasting, stunting in children, and a weakened immune system. Conversely, overnutrition occurs when a person consumes an excess of calories, often coupled with an inadequate intake of essential micronutrients. This can lead to overweight and obesity, increasing the risk of chronic diseases like diabetes, heart disease, and certain cancers.

The causes of ofnæring are multifaceted and can include inadequate food availability, poverty, food insecurity, poor dietary choices, chronic illnesses, eating disorders, and social or economic factors that limit access to nutritious food. Symptoms vary depending on the type and severity of the malnutrition but can encompass fatigue, weakness, unintended weight loss or gain, impaired cognitive function, and increased susceptibility to infections. Diagnosis typically involves a medical history, physical examination, and sometimes laboratory tests to assess nutritional status. Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying causes and restoring a balanced nutritional intake through dietary modifications, nutritional supplements, or medical interventions, often requiring a multidisciplinary approach.