obrotu

Obrót, a form whose genitive is obrotu, is a Polish noun with several related meanings centered on turning or turning movement. The term is used to describe both physical rotation around an axis and the turnover or volume of activity in a given period. In Polish, obrót can denote the angular or orbital movement of objects, the turning of a shaft, or the rotation of a planet or celestial body. It is also employed in economics and business to refer to the total value of goods or services sold over a certain time, i.e., sales turnover or business volume.

Etymology and forms: Obrót derives from the verb obracać (to turn, to rotate). It functions as a masculine noun and commonly appears in combinations such as „kąt obrotu” (angle of rotation), „czas obrotu” (period of rotation), and „obróceniem obrotu” in specialized phrases. The diacritic form is obrót; obrotu is the genitive singular form used in sentences like „obrót firmy wyniósł…”.

Uses in science and engineering: In mechanics and physics, obrót describes the rotation of bodies around an axis, the and angular displacement or the moment of rotation. Phrases like „obrót wału” (shaft rotation) and „kąt obrotu” are common, with the latter often measured in degrees or radians. In astronomy and geophysics, it can refer to the rotational period of a planet or satellite.

Economic and commercial usage: In business language, obrót denotes the turnover or revenue generated by a company within a defined period. It is used to quantify market activity and compare performance across time, distinct from profit or net income.

Optical and chemical usage: In chemistry and optics, the term obrot is used in expressions like „obrot optyczny” (optical rotation), describing the rotation of plane-polarized light by chiral substances. This sense is separate from mechanical rotation and is specific to physical chemistry and spectroscopy.

See also: obrót, obrotowy, rotacja.