nämlich

nämlich is a German adverb and conjunction that translates to "namely," "that is," "because," or "since" in English. Its usage can vary depending on the context, often introducing an explanation or clarification.

As an adverb, nämlich typically follows the word or phrase it modifies. For example, "Er hat nur einen Wunsch, nämlich Urlaub" translates to "He has only one wish, namely vacation." In this case, "nämlich" specifies what that wish is.

When used as a conjunction, nämlich can introduce a subordinate clause that explains the reason for something stated in the main clause. In this sense, it functions similarly to "because" or "since." For instance, "Ich konnte nicht kommen, nämlich weil ich krank war" means "I couldn't come, because I was sick." Here, "nämlich weil ich krank war" provides the reason for not being able to come.

The word order in sentences with nämlich can be flexible. While it often appears at the beginning of the explanatory clause, it can also be placed differently. Its position helps to clarify the relationship between different parts of a sentence, making it a useful tool for precise communication in German. Understanding its various functions is key to comprehending German grammar and fluent expression.