nátriumhidrogénkarbonát

nátriumhidrogénkarbonát, commonly known as sodium bicarbonate or baking soda, is a chemical compound with the formula NaHCO₃. It is a salt composed of a sodium cation (Na⁺) and a bicarbonate anion (HCO₃⁻). In its pure form, sodium bicarbonate is a white crystalline solid. It is a key ingredient in many household products and industrial processes.

The compound is amphoteric, meaning it can act as both an acid and a base. However, it is more commonly described as a weak base. When dissolved in water, it partially dissociates into sodium ions and bicarbonate ions. The bicarbonate ion can then react with water to produce carbonic acid and hydroxide ions, leading to a slightly alkaline solution. This alkaline property is utilized in its use as an antacid to neutralize excess stomach acid.

Sodium bicarbonate is a leavening agent in baking. When heated or combined with an acid, it decomposes to produce carbon dioxide gas. This gas causes dough and batters to rise, creating a lighter and fluffier texture in baked goods. It is also used in cleaning products due to its mild abrasive and deodorizing properties. Furthermore, it finds applications in fire extinguishers, where it releases carbon dioxide to smother flames, and in the pharmaceutical industry. It is naturally occurring in mineral deposits and is also produced synthetically on a large scale.