nyomatékváltó

The nyomatékváltó, often translated as torque converter, is a type of fluid coupling that serves as a substitute for a mechanical clutch in automatic transmissions of vehicles. Its primary function is to transmit rotating mechanical power from a source, such as an internal combustion engine, to a rotating driven load, typically the transmission of an automobile. Unlike a direct mechanical connection, the torque converter uses hydraulic fluid to transfer energy, allowing the engine to idle while the vehicle is stopped and smoothly engaging power as the engine speed increases.

The torque converter consists of three main components: the pump (impeller), the turbine, and the stator. The pump is connected to the engine's crankshaft and spins the transmission fluid. The turbine is connected to the transmission's input shaft and is driven by the fluid from the pump. The stator is located between the pump and the turbine and has blades that redirect the fluid flow. This redirection is crucial as it can multiply torque, especially at low speeds, providing greater acceleration from a standstill.

When the engine is running and the vehicle is stationary, there is a significant slip between the pump and the turbine, meaning the turbine rotates much slower than the pump. As the vehicle accelerates and the engine speed increases, the slip decreases, and the torque converter effectively becomes a direct coupling, transmitting nearly 100% of the engine's torque. The fluid coupling action also helps to absorb torsional vibrations and shocks, contributing to a smoother driving experience.