nirjara

Nirjara is a concept in Jain philosophy referring to the shedding or purification of karmic particles from the soul (jiva). In Jain thought, karmas bind the soul and shape its experiences, including lifespan, body, and perceptions. Nirjara denotes the process of removing accumulated karmas, thereby reducing bondage and moving the individual closer to liberation (moksha).

Etymology and relationship to other concepts: The term derives from Sanskrit nirjara, meaning shedding or removal. Nirjara works in tandem with samvara, the practice of preventing new karmic influx. Together, samvara and nirjara form the twofold program for purifying the soul: stop new karmas from attaching and shed the ones already attached.

Mechanisms and practices: Nirjara is achieved through ascetic and ethical discipline, including tapas (austerities), fasting, strict vows, renunciation, meditation, self-control, and careful conduct. Penances and austere practices are emphasized for monks, while lay followers may undertake appropriate vows and disciplined living. The intensity and duration of these practices influence the extent of karmic shedding.

Outcomes and significance: The purpose of nirjara is to reduce karmic bondage, thereby cleansing the soul and fostering spiritual progress. While samvara halts further contamination, nirjara actively purifies existing karma, contributing to the Jain path toward moksha. Different Jain traditions (such as Digambara and Śvētāmbara) emphasize nirjara but offer varying prescriptions for practice.

See also: asrava, samvara, moksha, Jain philosophy.