ninaverejooks

Ninaverejooks, in Estonian often referred to as epistaxis in medical terms, is the bleeding from the nasal mucosa. It is a common symptom rather than a disease, and most episodes are brief and self-limited.

Most nosebleeds are anterior, arising from the front part of the nasal septum (Kiesselbach’s area). They are usually caused by nose picking, dry air, irritation from allergies or infections, minor trauma, or medications that affect blood clotting. Posterior nosebleeds originate deeper in the nasal cavity and can be more serious; they occur more often in older adults and may be associated with high blood pressure, chronic diseases, or coagulation disorders.

Symptoms typically involve bleeding from one nostril and may be bright red with clots. Less commonly, bleeding can come from both nostrils or the back of the throat. Seek urgent care if the bleeding is heavy and lasts more than 20 minutes, recurs frequently, or is accompanied by fainting, chest pain, confusion, or known bleeding disorders.

First aid and treatment include sitting up straight and leaning slightly forward, pinching the soft part of the nose for 5–10 minutes without releasing, and breathing through the mouth. A cold compress applied to the bridge of the nose can help. After bleeding stops, avoid blowing or picking the nose for several hours and keep the nasal passages moist with saline spray or a humidifier. If bleeding continues beyond 20 minutes, or if you are on anticoagulants or have a bleeding disorder, seek medical care.

Prevention focuses on maintaining nasal moisture, using saline sprays, employing a humidifier in dry environments, avoiding nasal trauma, and addressing underlying conditions such as allergies or chronic infections.