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Neurooscillation refers to the synchronized rhythmic electrical activity of neuronal populations in the brain. This synchronized firing creates fluctuating electrical potentials that can be measured using electroencephalography (EEG) or magnetoencephalography (MEG). These oscillations occur across a range of frequencies, commonly categorized into bands such as delta (0.5-4 Hz), theta (4-8 Hz), alpha (8-13 Hz), beta (13-30 Hz), and gamma (30-100 Hz). Each frequency band is associated with different cognitive functions and brain states. For instance, theta oscillations are linked to memory and navigation, alpha waves are prominent during relaxed wakefulness and are suppressed during focused attention, and gamma oscillations are often observed during complex cognitive tasks and sensory processing.

The precise mechanisms generating neurooscillations are complex and involve the interplay of excitatory and inhibitory neurons, as well as intrinsic neuronal properties and network connectivity. They are thought to play crucial roles in various brain functions, including information processing, communication between brain regions, attention, learning, memory, and consciousness. Disruptions in neurooscillatory patterns have been implicated in a variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders, such as epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, and depression, suggesting their importance in maintaining healthy brain function. Studying neurooscillations provides valuable insights into the dynamic nature of brain activity and its relationship to cognitive processes and behavior.