nevralrørdefekter

Neural tube defects are a group of birth defects that affect the brain and spine. They occur when the neural tube, a structure that develops into the central nervous system in the early stages of pregnancy, does not close properly. This can lead to a range of conditions, with varying degrees of severity.

Two of the most common neural tube defects are spina bifida and anencephaly. Spina bifida occurs when the spinal column does not close completely, often resulting in damage to the spinal cord and nerves. This can cause problems with walking, bladder and bowel control, and other bodily functions. Anencephaly is a more severe condition where a large part of the brain and skull are missing. Infants born with anencephaly are usually stillborn or die shortly after birth.

The exact causes of neural tube defects are not fully understood, but a combination of genetic and environmental factors is believed to be involved. A deficiency in folic acid, a B vitamin, before and during early pregnancy has been identified as a significant risk factor. Other potential contributing factors include certain medications, maternal infections, and diabetes.

Diagnosis can often be made during pregnancy through ultrasound scans or blood tests. In some cases, neural tube defects can be surgically repaired after birth, though the extent of recovery depends on the specific defect and its severity. Prevention is a key focus, with folic acid supplementation recommended for women of childbearing age.