neutropènica

Neutropenia refers to a condition characterized by an abnormally low level of neutrophils, a type of white blood cell crucial for fighting bacterial and fungal infections. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell in the blood. When their numbers drop below a certain threshold, the body's ability to combat infections is significantly impaired, making individuals more susceptible to illness.

Neutropenia can be classified by its severity. Mild neutropenia may not cause noticeable symptoms, while severe neutropenia can lead to frequent and serious infections. Symptoms can range from fever, chills, and sore throat to more severe signs of infection such as pneumonia or sepsis.

The causes of neutropenia are diverse. It can be congenital, meaning present from birth, or acquired. Acquired neutropenia can result from various factors, including certain medications (especially chemotherapy drugs), viral infections like influenza or HIV, autoimmune disorders where the body attacks its own neutrophils, and bone marrow disorders such as leukemia or aplastic anemia. Nutritional deficiencies, like vitamin B12 or folate deficiency, can also contribute.

Diagnosis of neutropenia is typically made through a complete blood count (CBC) test. Further investigations, such as a peripheral blood smear, bone marrow biopsy, or genetic testing, may be conducted to determine the underlying cause. Treatment strategies depend on the severity and cause of neutropenia. They may include managing the underlying condition, discontinuing offending medications, using growth factors to stimulate neutrophil production, or administering antibiotics to prevent or treat infections.