neurogeneesi

Neurogeneesi is the process by which new neurons are formed in the brain. For many years, it was believed that the adult brain was largely fixed in its number of neurons, and that no new nerve cells could be generated after development. However, research over the past few decades has shown that neurogenesis, while limited, does occur in specific regions of the adult mammalian brain.

The primary sites of adult neurogenesis are the subgranular zone of the hippocampus and the subventricular zone lining the lateral ventricles. Neurons born in the subgranular zone migrate to the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, a region crucial for learning and memory. Neurons generated in the subventricular zone migrate to the olfactory bulb, which is involved in the sense of smell.

The rate of adult neurogenesis is influenced by various factors, including physical activity, environmental enrichment, stress, and certain medications. For instance, exercise is known to promote neurogenesis in the hippocampus, potentially contributing to its cognitive benefits. Conversely, chronic stress can suppress this process.

Understanding neurogenesis is vital for developing new therapeutic strategies for neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and depression, where neuronal loss plays a significant role. Research continues to explore how to modulate neurogenesis to repair brain damage and enhance cognitive function.