neoplazmák

Neoplazma is a medical term referring to an abnormal growth of cells. This growth is uncontrolled and often forms a mass, which is also known as a tumor. Neoplazmy can be benign, meaning they are non-cancerous and do not spread to other parts of the body, or malignant, which means they are cancerous and have the potential to invade surrounding tissues and metastasize, or spread, to distant sites.

The development of a neoplazma is a complex process that typically begins with genetic mutations in cells. These mutations alter the normal cell cycle, leading to excessive cell division and a failure of cells to die when they should. Environmental factors, such as exposure to certain chemicals or radiation, as well as genetic predisposition, can contribute to these mutations.

Diagnosis of a neoplazma usually involves a combination of medical imaging techniques, such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRI, and a biopsy. A biopsy is the removal of a small sample of the abnormal tissue, which is then examined under a microscope by a pathologist. This examination helps determine whether the neoplazma is benign or malignant and its specific type.

Treatment for neoplazmy varies widely depending on the type, size, location, and whether it is benign or malignant. Common treatment modalities include surgery to remove the tumor, radiation therapy to kill cancer cells, and chemotherapy, which uses drugs to destroy cancer cells throughout the body. Targeted therapy and immunotherapy are also increasingly used for certain types of malignant neoplazmy.