neeruprobleeme

Neeruprobleeme is a term used in Estonian to refer to disorders of the kidneys. The phrase translates roughly as kidney problems. In everyday language it is common, while in medical practice clinicians use more precise diagnoses such as nephrolithiasis for kidney stones, nephritis for kidney inflammation, or chronic kidney disease.

Many conditions can be described under neeruprobleeme, including kidney stones, infections of the kidneys or urinary tract, kidney inflammation, cysts, congenital abnormalities, and reduced kidney function from chronic disease.

Common symptoms include flank or groin pain, blood in the urine (hematuria), frequent or painful urination, fever or malaise, swelling in the legs or face, fatigue, and nausea. Some kidney problems cause no symptoms in early stages.

Diagnosis typically involves medical history and examination, urinalysis, blood tests such as creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and imaging studies like ultrasound or CT scans. Urine cultures or biopsy may be used in certain cases.

Treatment depends on the underlying condition. Kidney stones may require fluids, pain relief, or procedures to remove stones; infections require antibiotics; chronic kidney disease is managed with blood pressure and glucose control, dietary changes, and sometimes dialysis or transplantation in advanced cases.

Prognosis varies widely by cause and stage. Early detection and management improve outcomes. Prevention focuses on adequate hydration, managing risk factors such as diabetes and hypertension, and avoiding nephrotoxic substances.