naturalfiberreinforced

Natural fiber reinforced composites are materials in which natural fibers derived from plants or other renewable sources are used to reinforce a polymer matrix. Common fibers include flax, hemp, jute, kenaf, sisal, ramie, and bamboo, while matrices span thermoplastics (such as polypropylene, polyethylene, and polylactic acid) and thermosets (such as epoxy and polyester). These materials are pursued for lower density, reduced weight, and potential environmental benefits compared with conventional glass or carbon fiber composites.

The performance of natural fiber reinforced composites depends on fiber type, orientation, and the matrix. They typically offer favorable specific strength and stiffness, good damping, and lower cost, but display significant variability due to agricultural origin. Moisture uptake, thermal sensitivity of the fibers, and interfacial bonding with the matrix can influence properties. Surface treatments (alkali/mercerization, silane coupling agents, acetylation) and compatibilizers (such as maleated polyolefins for polyolefin matrices) are commonly used to improve adhesion and reduce moisture-related degradation. Short- and long-fiber (or continuous) configurations are employed, with processing methods including extrusion, injection molding, compression molding, and hand lay-up.

Applications span automotive interiors and components, sporting goods, consumer electronics housings, and building materials. Environmentally, natural fiber reinforced composites can lower energy use and carbon footprint during production, due to renewable fibers and lower processing energy. End-of-life options vary with the matrix and may include recycling or limited biodegradability; compatibility between the fiber and matrix largely determines compostability. Ongoing research focuses on standardization, fiber quality control, moisture management, and performance optimization.

See also: natural fiber composite, biocomposites, sustainable materials.

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