natriumhydroksidillä

Natriumhydroksidi, known in English as sodium hydroxide, is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula NaOH. It is a white, odorless or slightly metallic crystal that is highly soluble in water, forming a strongly alkaline solution. The substance is a powerful base and a strong electrolyte, and it is often supplied in the form of pellets, flakes, or a saturated aqueous solution referred to as lye.

Physically, natriumhydroksidi has a melting point of about 318 °C and a boiling point near 1 400 °C. In aqueous solution it generates hydroxide ions (OH^–), giving it a characteristic high pH. The compound undergoes a vigorous, exothermic dissolution in water and can vaporise at elevated temperatures, releasing corrosive fumes.

Industrial applications of natriumhydroksidi are extensive. It is a key reagent in the manufacturing of soaps, detergents, and cosmetics through saponification. The chemical is also essential for producing paper via the kraft process, for refining petroleum products, and in the synthesis of many organic compounds. In addition, it is used in water treatment to adjust pH, in the production of chlorine and caustic soda from chlor-alkali processes, and as a cleaning agent for removing grease and certain stains.

Safety considerations are important due to its corrosive nature. Contact with skin, eyes, or mucous membranes can cause severe irritation or chemical burns, and inhalation of concentrated vapours can damage the respiratory tract. Proper protective equipment—gloves, goggles, and, in some cases, respirators—should be used when handling. Disposal of large volumes of excess solution must follow local environmental regulations to prevent ecological harm.