nanokomposite

Nanocomposite is a material composed of a matrix and nanoparticles. The nanoparticles, typically less than 100 nanometers in at least one dimension, are dispersed within the matrix. This unique combination of a bulk matrix material and nanoscale reinforcements can lead to significantly enhanced properties compared to the individual components. The small size of the nanoparticles provides a very high surface area to volume ratio, which is crucial for their effectiveness.

The matrix material can be polymers, ceramics, or metals. The nanoparticles can also vary widely, including carbon nanotubes, graphene, clays, metal oxides, and metallic nanoparticles. The specific properties of a nanocomposite depend heavily on the choice of matrix, the type and size of nanoparticles, and how they are dispersed.

The incorporation of nanoparticles can impart a range of improved characteristics. These often include increased mechanical strength, stiffness, and toughness. Electrical and thermal conductivity can also be enhanced. Furthermore, nanocomposites can exhibit improved barrier properties against gases and liquids, as well as enhanced resistance to wear and abrasion. These properties make them attractive for a variety of applications.

Applications for nanocomposites are found in diverse fields. In the automotive and aerospace industries, they are used to create lighter and stronger components. In electronics, their electrical properties are utilized. They also find use in packaging for improved barrier performance, in sporting goods for enhanced strength, and in biomedical applications due to their biocompatibility and tailored properties. The development and study of nanocomposites remain an active area of research, with ongoing efforts to optimize their properties and expand their applications.