nüstagm

Nystagmus is a medical condition characterized by involuntary, rhythmic movements of the eyes. These movements can be horizontal, vertical, or rotational, and may occur in one or both eyes. Nystagmus is often classified into two main types: physiologic and pathologic.

Physiologic nystagmus is a normal response to certain stimuli, such as looking at a moving object or tilting the head. It is usually benign and resolves when the stimulus is removed. Pathologic nystagmus, on the other hand, is associated with underlying neurological or vestibular disorders. It can be further classified into acquired and congenital types.

Acquired nystagmus can result from various conditions, including stroke, brain tumors, multiple sclerosis, and inner ear disorders. Congenital nystagmus is present at birth and can be associated with genetic disorders, such as Down syndrome, or may occur as an isolated condition.

Nystagmus can cause symptoms such as blurred vision, difficulty focusing, and double vision. In some cases, it may lead to more severe complications, such as amblyopia (lazy eye) or strabismus (crossed eyes). Diagnosis of nystagmus typically involves a comprehensive eye examination, including a detailed history, physical examination, and specialized tests.

Treatment for nystagmus depends on the underlying cause. In some cases, no treatment may be necessary, especially if the nystagmus is physiologic and resolves with the removal of the stimulus. For pathologic nystagmus, treatment may involve medications, physical therapy, or, in severe cases, surgery. Early intervention and management can help prevent or minimize the impact of nystagmus on vision and overall quality of life.