méthode

Méthode is a French noun used to describe a systematic plan or procedure for achieving a task, solving a problem, or obtaining knowledge. Its etymology traces to Latin methodus, from Greek methodos, combining meta “after” and hodos “way,” literally a way pursued to reach a goal. In general use, a method is a coherent set of rules, techniques, and steps that aim to produce reliable results.

Across disciplines, the term covers both broad approaches and specific procedures. A method can refer to a general mode of working within a field or to a concrete sequence of actions used in practice. The idea of method underpins the organization of activity, reasoning, and experimentation.

In science and research, method often denotes the methodological framework guiding inquiry. The scientific method is a common reference point, typically involving observation, hypothesis formation, experimentation, analysis, and interpretation. Various disciplines employ distinct methodologies, including qualitative and quantitative approaches, experimental design, and computational techniques. The study and justification of methods is known as méthodologie.

In education, teaching methods describe how content is conveyed and learners are engaged. Inductive versus deductive methods, direct instruction, and collaborative or problem‑based learning are examples. The term méthodologie is also used to denote the systematic study of methods themselves, including their assumptions, strengths, and limitations.

In other domains, methods appear as problem‑solving strategies or algorithms; in programming, a method (in French usage) may refer to a function associated with an object or class. Overall, méthode emphasizes structure, repeatability, and justification within a given context.