märgistest

Mürgistest is an Estonian term used in medical and forensic contexts to refer to poisonings and the effects of toxic substances on the human body. The word is rooted in mürgistus, meaning poisoning, and commonly appears in clinical notes, case reports, and toxicology literature when describing poisoning incidents, toxic exposure, or the study of toxins.

Poisonings can be accidental, intentional, or due to occupational and environmental exposures. Common sources include prescribed medications and over-the-counter drugs, alcohol, pesticides, solvents, heavy metals, and natural toxins from plants or animals. Presentation varies with the agent and exposure route, ranging from mild gastrointestinal symptoms to severe organ dysfunction or death. In some cases, exposure may be asymptomatic initially with a delayed onset of symptoms.

Diagnosis and management focus on rapid assessment and stabilization, followed by identification of the toxin and its effects. Clinicians use patient history, physical examination, and targeted laboratory tests to guide treatment. Decontamination options include the use of activated charcoal within a suitable time window in conscious patients; gastric lavage is rarely employed today. Antidotal therapies exist for selected substances and are used when indicated. Supportive care, continuous monitoring, and consultation with poison control centers are essential components of management.

Prevention and public health measures aim to reduce exposure risks through safe storage of medications and chemicals, clear labeling, worker safety practices, and education. Surveillance of poisoning incidents helps identify trends and informs policy.

In forensic toxicology, mürgistest cases may be investigated to determine cause of death or impairment, often requiring laboratory analysis of biological samples.