mástil

Mástil is a vertical pole and structural element used on sailing vessels to support sails and rigging. In addition to ships, the term can refer to a tall pole used for displaying a flag on land. The primary function is to carry the sails aloft while remaining anchored to the hull or structure.

On boats with sails, masts are categorized by position: mainmast, foremast, mizzenmast; sometimes a topmast or topgallant mast above; yards or spars affixed to the mast carry sails. The rigging comprises standing rigging (shrouds and stays) that keeps the mast upright and running rigging (halyards, sheets) that controls sails. The mast passes through a mast step, and a crow's nest or lookout platform can be mounted near the top in older ships. The complexity depends on rig type: square-rigged ships have multiple masts and yards.

Materials and construction have evolved over time. Historically, masts were made of wood; contemporary masts are often aluminum alloys or carbon fiber composites, offering strength and reduced weight. Design considerations include weight, stiffness, bending, and the loads from wind pressure and movement of sails. For flagpoles, masts are often steel or iron, with pulleys and halyards for raising banners.

Maintenance and safety are important for mast integrity. Regular inspection for cracks, corrosion, and rigging wear, along with appropriate coatings or painting, helps prevent failures. The mast remains central to the sail plan and to the vessel’s stability and performance.