màscares

Màscares are objects worn over the face or head to conceal the wearer’s identity, alter appearance, or participate in ritual, ceremony, or performance. In Catalan, the term covers a wide range of mask forms used in festivals, theatre, and everyday life.

Historically, masks have appeared in many cultures and epochs, including Europe’s medieval and early modern celebrations. In the Catalan-speaking lands, màscares have long been part of carnival traditions, religious processions, and folk performances. They enable wearers to assume different roles, mock authority, or join in collective celebrations without revealing personal identity.

Types and contexts include ceremonial masks used in rituals, festival masks worn during carnivals and parades, theatre masks for character and emotion, and masquerade masks for social events. The purpose of a mask can be transformative, expressive, protective, or communicative, depending on the occasion and local tradition.

Construction and materials vary widely. Common materials include papier-mâché, wood, leather, metal, and textiles. Masks are often painted and decorated with feathers, beads, glitter, fabric, or other ornamentation. They may be sculpted, molded, or carved and can be functional (covering the eyes and mouth) or purely ornamental.

Cultural significance and modern use: masks express regional identity, history, and creativity. In contemporary Catalan culture, màscares appear in street parades, cultural associations, and theatre productions, while traditional crafts continue to be passed down by artisans.