myotis

Myotis is a genus of vesper bats commonly known as mouse‑eared bats, comprising over 100 species worldwide. Members of the genus are characterized by relatively small size, rounded ears resembling those of mice, and a nose leaf that is absent or poorly developed. The forelimbs are elongated, forming the wing membrane, while the tail extends beyond the uropatagium in many species. Dental formulae are generally 2.1.3.3/3.1.3.3, reflecting an insectivorous diet.

Taxonomically, Myotis belongs to the family Vespertilionidae within the order Chiroptera. Molecular phylogenetic studies have clarified relationships among species, revealing several clades correlated with geographic distribution. The genus is widespread, occurring throughout the Americas, Europe, Asia, Africa, and Oceania, inhabiting a range of environments from temperate forests to tropical rainforests and arid regions.

Myotis bats are nocturnal and employ echolocation for navigation and prey capture. Their calls typically fall in the 30–80 kHz range, allowing detection of a variety of insects, including moths, beetles, and flies. Roosting sites vary among species, encompassing caves, tree hollows, mines, and man‑made structures. Some species form large maternity colonies, while others are solitary.

Reproduction is seasonal in temperate zones, with a single litter born in the spring after a gestation of 50–70 days. Juveniles are weaned within six weeks and become volant shortly thereafter.

Conservation status varies: many Myotis species are listed as Least Concern, but habitat loss, disturbance of roosts, and diseases such as white‑nose syndrome have led to declines in several populations, prompting monitoring and protective measures in affected regions.