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myokine

Myokine is a cytokine or peptide produced and released by skeletal muscle cells, particularly in response to contraction, that can act locally on muscle itself or affect distant organs. The concept describes a broad family of muscle-derived signaling molecules that communicate with other tissues to regulate energy metabolism, immune function, and tissue remodeling. The term emphasizes the endocrine-like communication links between muscle and other parts of the body that accompany physical activity.

The best-studied myokine is interleukin-6 (IL-6), which rises markedly during exercise and helps mobilize glucose and

Physiological relevance: myokines are thought to contribute to the systemic benefits of exercise, including improved insulin

fatty
acids.
It
can
also
promote
anti-inflammatory
signaling
by
inducing
IL-1
receptor
antagonist
and
IL-10.
Other
proposed
myokines
include
IL-8,
IL-15,
myostatin,
irisin,
and
myonectin
(CTRP15).
Irisin,
derived
from
FNDC5,
was
proposed
to
drive
browning
of
white
adipose
tissue,
but
human
data
and
its
physiological
relevance
remain
a
topic
of
debate.
Myostatin,
a
member
of
the
TGF-β
family
produced
by
muscle,
is
generally
understood
as
a
negative
regulator
of
muscle
growth
and
is
sometimes
discussed
in
the
context
of
cross-torgan
signaling.
Myonectin
is
linked
to
lipid
metabolism
in
liver
and
adipose
tissue.
sensitivity,
lipid
handling,
and
anti-inflammatory
effects.
Altered
myokine
signaling
has
been
investigated
in
obesity,
type
2
diabetes,
and
aging.
The
field
continues
to
identify
new
myokines
and
clarify
their
mechanisms,
with
ongoing
evaluation
of
their
potential
as
therapeutic
targets
and
biomarkers.