mykobakteerioosit

Mykobakteerioosit are diseases caused by bacteria belonging to the genus Mycobacterium. These bacteria are characterized by their rod shape and their waxy cell wall, which is rich in mycolic acids. This unique cell wall composition makes them resistant to Gram staining and contributes to their survival in hostile environments, including within host cells.

The most well-known mykobakteerioosi is tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. TB primarily affects the lungs but can also spread to other parts of the body. Another significant mykobakteerioosi is leprosy, caused by Mycobacterium leprae, which affects the skin, peripheral nerves, upper respiratory tract, eyes, and testes.

Other mycobacteria, known as non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), can also cause diseases in humans. These NTM infections are often opportunistic, meaning they are more likely to occur in individuals with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS or who are undergoing immunosuppressive therapy. NTM can cause lung disease resembling TB, skin and soft tissue infections, and disseminated disease.

Diagnosis of mykobakteerioosit typically involves microscopic examination of clinical specimens, culture of the bacteria, and molecular tests. Treatment often requires long-term antibiotic therapy, and the specific drugs and duration depend on the type of Mycobacterium and the severity of the infection. Drug resistance is a significant challenge in treating some mykobakteeriooses, particularly tuberculosis. Prevention strategies include vaccination (e.g., BCG vaccine for TB), public health measures, and prompt diagnosis and treatment.