myeliinivuotojen

Myelin is a fatty substance that forms a protective sheath around nerve fibers in the central and peripheral nervous systems. This sheath, known as myelin sheath, plays a crucial role in the efficient transmission of electrical impulses along the nerve fibers. Myelin is composed of lipids, proteins, and other substances that contribute to its structural integrity and insulating properties.

The process of myelin formation is called myelination, which occurs during the development of the nervous system. Myelination is essential for the proper functioning of the nervous system, as it allows for faster and more efficient transmission of signals between neurons. In the central nervous system, myelination is primarily carried out by oligodendrocytes, while in the peripheral nervous system, Schwann cells are responsible for this process.

Myelin sheaths are not continuous but are segmented, with gaps called nodes of Ranvier. These nodes are crucial for the saltatory conduction of nerve impulses, a process that allows for rapid and efficient signal transmission. The nodes of Ranvier are the sites where the action potential jumps from one node to the next, rather than traveling continuously along the entire length of the nerve fiber.

Demyelination is a condition characterized by the breakdown or loss of myelin sheaths. This can occur due to various factors, including autoimmune disorders, infections, and genetic abnormalities. Demyelination can lead to a range of neurological symptoms, including weakness, numbness, and impaired sensation. Treatment for demyelination often focuses on addressing the underlying cause and supporting the recovery of the affected nerves.