munuaishäiriön

Munuaishäiriö refers to any condition that impairs the normal function of the kidneys. Kidneys are vital organs responsible for filtering waste products and excess fluid from the blood, producing urine, regulating blood pressure, and maintaining electrolyte balance. When kidney function is compromised, these essential processes are disrupted.

There are numerous causes of kidney disorders, including diabetes, high blood pressure, autoimmune diseases like lupus, genetic conditions such as polycystic kidney disease, infections, and exposure to certain medications or toxins. Acute kidney injury can occur suddenly due to severe illness, injury, or dehydration, while chronic kidney disease (CKD) develops gradually over time.

Symptoms of kidney disorders can vary widely depending on the severity and cause. Early stages of CKD may be asymptomatic. As the condition progresses, individuals might experience fatigue, swelling in the legs and ankles, changes in urination frequency or appearance, nausea, loss of appetite, and muscle cramps. In advanced stages, kidney failure can occur, requiring dialysis or a kidney transplant.

Diagnosis typically involves blood and urine tests to assess kidney function, imaging studies like ultrasound or CT scans, and sometimes a kidney biopsy. Treatment aims to manage the underlying cause, slow the progression of kidney damage, and alleviate symptoms. This may include dietary changes, medications, and lifestyle modifications. In cases of kidney failure, renal replacement therapies are necessary.