multivitamins

Multivitamins are dietary supplements that combine a selection of vitamins and minerals intended to supplement the ordinary diet. Most formulations include a range of essential vitamins and minerals, and products vary widely in content, dosage, and form (tablets, capsules, gummies). They are marketed for general use or targeted to specific life stages, such as pregnancy, infancy, or older adulthood.

They are used to address potential nutrient gaps in people whose diets may be incomplete due to food preferences, allergies, illness, or limited access to diverse foods. They are not a substitute for a balanced diet or an evidence-based medical treatment. In many countries they are regulated as foods rather than medicines, which means labeling and quality controls can vary, and manufacturers may add herbal extracts or other compounds.

Evidence on health outcomes is mixed. For generally healthy people, routine multivitamin use has not been consistently shown to reduce the risk of major diseases or extend lifespan. They can help prevent nutrient deficiencies in at-risk groups, such as pregnant people (folic acid and iron) or those with restricted diets, but excessive intake of certain vitamins or minerals can cause adverse effects.

Safety considerations include the risk of consuming too much of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) and possible interactions with medications. People considering multivitamins should discuss use with a healthcare provider if they are pregnant, nursing, have chronic illnesses, or take prescription drugs.