mucocele

A mucocele is a common benign lesion of the oral mucosa caused by the blockage or rupture of a minor salivary gland duct. This blockage leads to the accumulation of mucus within the surrounding connective tissue, forming a cyst-like swelling. Mucoceles are most frequently found on the lower lip, but can also occur on the buccal mucosa, ventral tongue, floor of the mouth, and retromolar areas. Their appearance can vary, typically presenting as a translucent or bluish, dome-shaped papule or nodule. The size is usually small, ranging from a few millimeters to a couple of centimeters. They are generally painless unless they become inflamed or infected.

The etiology of mucoceles is often trauma, such as biting the lip or cheek, which can lead to duct damage and subsequent mucus extravasation or retention. Other contributing factors can include minor salivary gland inflammation or the presence of salivary stones, although these are less common. Diagnosis is typically made based on the clinical appearance and patient history. While some mucoceles may resolve spontaneously, persistent or symptomatic lesions often require treatment.

The management of mucoceles depends on their size, location, and recurrence. Conservative treatment options include observation for small, asymptomatic lesions. For larger or recurrent mucoceles, surgical excision is the most common treatment. Other techniques include marsupialization, where the cyst is opened and sutured to the surrounding tissue to promote healing, or laser ablation. Recurrence rates vary depending on the treatment modality and the depth of the involved salivary glands.