morose

Morose is an adjective used to describe a person or mood marked by sullen gloom and ill temper. A morose person tends to be withdrawn, uncommunicative, and persistent in a somber or sour outlook. The term often implies more than a temporary sadness, suggesting a habitual or deeply ingrained sullenness that affects speech and behavior.

Etymology and usage context: Morose derives from the French morose, from Latin morosus meaning peevish or fretful, itself linked to mos/moris “manner, habit.” The word entered English in the early modern period and is commonly used to describe both individuals and atmospheres that feel heavy, oppressive, or unfriendly.

Usage notes: Morose is not a clinical term; it conveys mood and tone rather than a medical diagnosis. It is frequently found in literary descriptions and everyday observations about demeanor or setting. For example, “He sat in the corner, morose and silent” or “The morose weather cast a damp spell over the afternoon.”

Related forms and contrasts: Related forms include moroseness (noun) and morosely (adverb); morosity is rarer but attested. Common synonyms include sullen, dour, gloomy, and moody, while antonyms include cheerful, buoyant, and bright. Morose tends to carry stronger negative connotations than simply sad or downcast.