mornings

Mornings refer to the early part of the day that follows the night and precedes the afternoon. The exact start and end of morning vary by culture, season, and personal schedule, but it is commonly understood as the period from around dawn or wake time to around noon.

Biologically, mornings are shaped by the circadian system. The cortisol awakening response increases shortly after waking, helping alertness, while melatonin declines as light rises. Exposure to natural or bright light in the morning can improve mood and regulate sleep timing, whereas sleep inertia can make early activities feel sluggish just after waking.

In many cultures, mornings include routines such as personal hygiene, eating a first meal (breakfast), dressing, and preparing for work or school, sometimes with exercise or meditation. Mornings influence daily mood and productivity; some people identify as morning types who prefer early activity, while others are more alert later in the day.

Cultural and social factors shape morning practices. Breakfast customs vary widely, as do rituals, prayers, and commutes. Start times for schools and workplaces influence how mornings unfold, and historical shifts in agriculture and industry have altered morning norms.

In modern society, technology and lighting affect mornings. Artificial lighting and screen use can alter sleep patterns, and daylight saving time can shift perceived morning hours. Studies discuss health implications of morning routines, including hydration, breakfast quality, and physical activity.