monoxiderelated

Monoxiderelated is an umbrella term for topics involving monoxide species, most often carbon monoxide (CO). It spans chemistry, environmental science, toxicology, biology, and industrial processes in which monoxide is central. Given CO's small size, high affinity for metals, and toxic properties, monoxiderelated topics cover both beneficial applications and health hazards.

In chemistry, monoxiderelated research frequently concerns metal carbonyl complexes, carbonylation reactions, and catalytic cycles that rely on CO as a ligand or reactant. CO–based processes such as hydroformylation and various carbonylation steps are central to the synthesis of aldehydes, alcohols, and other carbonyl compounds. In environmental science, the focus is on sources of CO from combustion, atmospheric chemistry, indoor air quality, and exposure assessment. Detection methods include electrochemical sensors, infrared spectroscopy, and chemiluminescence, with regulatory limits set by health agencies.

In biology and medicine, endogenous CO produced by heme oxygenase is studied for signaling roles and cytoprotection, while inhaled CO is assessed for toxicity and hypoxic injury. Industrially, CO is a key component of syngas and is used in reducing environments for metal refining and chemical synthesis.

Safety, regulation, and risk assessment are important aspects of monoxiderelated topics, given CO's colorless, odorless nature and its potential to cause harmful hypoxia at elevated levels. The term's usage varies, but it typically denotes a focus on CO-related chemistry, biology, environmental impact, and industry.